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Vim includes a group of motions that move the cursor vertically relative to the screen: Command Action H cursor to line N from top of screen M cursor to middle line of screen L cursor to line N from bottom of screen Here is a brief demonstration of these commands and how they behave: Start 1 2 3 Initial Conditions S iddhartha by Herman Hesse THE SON OF THE BRAHMAN In the shade of the house, in the sunshine of the riverbank near the boats, in the shade of the Salwood forest, in the shade of the fig tree is where Siddhartha grew up, the handsome son of the Brahman, the NORMAL Top 1:1 Move the cursor to bottom of screen L S iddhartha by Herman Hesse THE SON OF THE BRAHMAN In the shade of the house, in the sunshine of the riverbank near the boats, in the shade of the Salwood forest, in the shade of the fig t ree is where Siddhartha grew up, the handsome son of the Brahman, the NORMAL 90% 9:1 Move the cursor to middle of screen M Siddhartha by Herman Hesse T HE SON OF THE BRAHMAN In the shade of the house, in the sunshine of the riverbank near the boats, in the shade of the Salwood forest, in the shade of the fig t ree is where Siddhartha grew up, the handsome son of the Brahman, the NORMAL 50% 5:1 Move the cursor to top of screen H S iddhartha by Herman Hesse T HE SON OF THE BRAHMAN In the shade of the house, in the sunshine of the riverbank near the boats, in the shade of the Salwood forest, in the shade of the fig tree is where Siddhartha grew up, the handsome son of the Brahman, the NORMAL Top 1:1

It can often be useful to scroll the window without moving the cursor, for example when it helps to see the surrounding text. Vim provides a group of commands to do this for you: Command Action zt redraw, cursor line at top of window zz redraw, cursor line at center of window zb redraw, cursor line at bottom of window Start 1 2 3 Initial Conditions he would join the glorious, then Govinda wanted to follow him as his friend, his companion, his servant, his spear-carrier, his shadow. Siddhartha was thus loved by everyone. He was a source of joy for e verybody, he was a delight for them all. But he, Siddhartha, was not a source of joy for himself, he found no delight in himself. Walking the rosy paths of the fig tree garden, sitting in the bluish shade of the grove of contemplation, washing his NORMAL 91% 48:1 Scroll the cursor to the bottom of the screen zb decent, stupid sheep in the herd of the many. No, and he, Govinda, as well did not want to become one of those, not one of those tens of thousands of Brahmans. He wanted to follow Siddhartha, the beloved, the splendid. And in days to come, when Siddhartha would become a god, when he would join the glorious, then Govinda wanted to follow him as his friend, his companion, his servant, his spear-carrier, his shadow. Siddhartha was thus loved by everyone. He was a source of joy for e verybody, he was a delight for them all. NORMAL 98% 48:1 Scroll the cursor to the middle of the screen zz he would join the glorious, then Govinda wanted to follow him as his friend, his companion, his servant, his spear-carrier, his shadow. Siddhartha was thus loved by everyone. He was a source of joy for e verybody, he was a delight for them all. But he, Siddhartha, was not a source of joy for himself, he found no delight in himself. Walking the rosy paths of the fig tree garden, sitting in the bluish shade of the grove of contemplation, washing his NORMAL 91% 48:1 Scroll the cursor to the top of the screen zt e verybody, he was a delight for them all. But he, Siddhartha, was not a source of joy for himself, he found no delight in himself. Walking the rosy paths of the fig tree garden, sitting in the bluish shade of the grove of contemplation, washing his limbs daily in the bath of repentance, sacrificing in the dim shade of the mango forest, his gestures of perfect decency, everyone's love and joy, he still lacked all joy in his heart. Dreams and restless thoughts came into his mind, flowing from the water of the river, sparkling from NORMAL 84% 48:1 While the preceding commands allow the cursor to quickly be re-positioned in the screen, the following commands scroll the screen one line at a time, providing fine-tuned control over the content that is displayed around the cursor: Command Action C-Y Move screen up one line C-E Move screen down one line Here is a quick demo: Start 1 2 3 4 Initial Conditions e verybody, he was a delight for them all. But he, Siddhartha, was not a source of joy for himself, he found no delight in himself. Walking the rosy paths of the fig tree garden, sitting in the bluish shade of the grove of contemplation, washing his limbs daily in the bath of repentance, sacrificing in the dim shade of the mango forest, his gestures of perfect decency, everyone's love and joy, he still lacked all joy in his heart. Dreams and restless thoughts came into his mind, flowing from the water of the river, sparkling from NORMAL 84% 48:1 Scroll the cursor one line down <C-y> Siddhartha was thus loved by everyone. He was a source of joy for e verybody, he was a delight for them all. But he, Siddhartha, was not a source of joy for himself, he found no delight in himself. Walking the rosy paths of the fig tree garden, sitting in the bluish shade of the grove of contemplation, washing his limbs daily in the bath of repentance, sacrificing in the dim shade of the mango forest, his gestures of perfect decency, everyone's love and joy, he still lacked all joy in his heart. Dreams and restless thoughts NORMAL 86% 48:1 Scroll the cursor one line down (again) <C-y> Siddhartha was thus loved by everyone. He was a source of joy for e verybody, he was a delight for them all. But he, Siddhartha, was not a source of joy for himself, he found no delight in himself. Walking the rosy paths of the fig tree garden, sitting in the bluish shade of the grove of contemplation, washing his limbs daily in the bath of repentance, sacrificing in the dim shade of the mango forest, his gestures of perfect decency, everyone's love and NORMAL 87% 48:1 Scroll the cursor one line down (again) <C-y> friend, his companion, his servant, his spear-carrier, his shadow. Siddhartha was thus loved by everyone. He was a source of joy for e verybody, he was a delight for them all. But he, Siddhartha, was not a source of joy for himself, he found no delight in himself. Walking the rosy paths of the fig tree garden, sitting in the bluish shade of the grove of contemplation, washing his limbs daily in the bath of repentance, sacrificing in the dim shade of NORMAL 89% 48:1 Scroll the cursor one line down (again) <C-y> he would join the glorious, then Govinda wanted to follow him as his friend, his companion, his servant, his spear-carrier, his shadow. Siddhartha was thus loved by everyone. He was a source of joy for e verybody, he was a delight for them all. But he, Siddhartha, was not a source of joy for himself, he found no delight in himself. Walking the rosy paths of the fig tree garden, sitting in the bluish shade of the grove of contemplation, washing his NORMAL 91% 48:1

Vim also includes a variety of commands that support moving the cursor in page-related increments, which can be convenient when moving the cursor larger distances within a buffer. Command Action C-U Move cursor up one-half page C-D Move cursor down one-half page C-B Move screen up one page C-F Move screen down one page To demonstrate how these commands behave, the first sequence of steps navigates down the page using C-D : Start 1 2 3 4 Initial Conditions S iddhartha by Herman Hesse THE SON OF THE BRAHMAN In the shade of the house, in the sunshine of the riverbank near the boats, in the shade of the Salwood forest, in the shade of the fig tree is where Siddhartha grew up, the handsome son of the Brahman, the NORMAL Top 1:1 Move the cursor <C-d> T HE SON OF THE BRAHMAN In the shade of the house, in the sunshine of the riverbank near the boats, in the shade of the Salwood forest, in the shade of the fig tree is where Siddhartha grew up, the handsome son of the Brahman, the young falcon, together with his friend Govinda, son of a Brahman. The sun tanned his light shoulders by the banks of the river when bathing, performing the sacred ablutions, the sacred offerings. In the mango grove, shade poured into his black eyes, when playing as a boy, when NORMAL 36% 5:1 Move the cursor (again) <C-d> In the shade of the house, in the sunshine of the riverbank near the boats, in the shade of the Salwood forest, in the shade of the fig t ree is where Siddhartha grew up, the handsome son of the Brahman, the young falcon, together with his friend Govinda, son of a Brahman. The sun tanned his light shoulders by the banks of the river when bathing, performing the sacred ablutions, the sacred offerings. In the mango grove, shade poured into his black eyes, when playing as a boy, when his mother sang, when the sacred offerings were made, when his father, the scholar, taught him, when the wise men talked. NORMAL 56% 9:1 Move the cursor back <C-d> In the shade of the house, in the sunshine of the riverbank near the boats, in the shade of the Salwood forest, in the shade of the fig t ree is where Siddhartha grew up, the handsome son of the Brahman, the young falcon, together with his friend Govinda, son of a Brahman. The sun tanned his light shoulders by the banks of the river when bathing, performing the sacred ablutions, the sacred offerings. In the mango g rove, shade poured into his black eyes, when playing as a boy, when his mother sang, when the sacred offerings were made, when his father, the scholar, taught him, when the wise men talked. NORMAL 81% 13:1 Move the cursor back <C-d> In the shade of the house, in the sunshine of the riverbank near the boats, in the shade of the Salwood forest, in the shade of the fig tree is where Siddhartha grew up, the handsome son of the Brahman, the young falcon, together with his friend Govinda, son of a Brahman. The sun tanned his light shoulders by the banks of the river when bathing, performing the sacred ablutions, the sacred offerings. In the mango g rove, shade poured into his black eyes, when playing as a boy, when his mother sang, when the sacred offerings were made, when his father, t he scholar, taught him, when the wise men talked. NORMAL 94% 15:1 Note that the cursor remained at the top of the screen, maximizing the amount of content below the cursor, until it approached the bottom of the buffer. At that point the cursor progressed toward the bottom of the buffer. Next, navigate back up the page using C-U : Start 1 2 3 Move the cursor back In the shade of the house, in the sunshine of the riverbank near the boats, in the shade of the Salwood forest, in the shade of the fig tree is where Siddhartha grew up, the handsome son of the Brahman, the young falcon, together with his friend Govinda, son of a Brahman. The sun tanned his light shoulders by the banks of the river when bathing, performing the sacred ablutions, the sacred offerings. In the mango grove, shade poured into his black eyes, when playing as a boy, when his mother sang, when the sacred offerings were made, when his father, t he scholar, taught him, when the wise men talked. NORMAL 94% 15:1 Move the cursor back <C-u> by Herman Hesse THE SON OF THE BRAHMAN In the shade of the house, in the sunshine of the riverbank near the boats, in the shade of the Salwood forest, in the shade of the fig tree is where Siddhartha grew up, the handsome son of the Brahman, the young falcon, together with his friend Govinda, son of a Brahman. The s un tanned his light shoulders by the banks of the river when bathing, NORMAL 92% 11:1 Move the cursor back <C-u> Siddhartha by Herman Hesse THE SON OF THE BRAHMAN I n the shade of the house, in the sunshine of the riverbank near the boats, in the shade of the Salwood forest, in the shade of the fig tree is where Siddhartha grew up, the handsome son of the Brahman, the NORMAL 70% 7:1 Move the cursor back <C-u> Siddhartha b y Herman Hesse THE SON OF THE BRAHMAN I n the shade of the house, in the sunshine of the riverbank near the boats, in the shade of the Salwood forest, in the shade of the fig tree is where Siddhartha grew up, the handsome son of the Brahman, the NORMAL 30% 3:1 Similar to the previous sequence, while paging upward the cursor remains at the bottom of the screen until it approaches the top of the buffer.

Vertical motions move the cursor up and down the document that is being edited, and are critical for efficiently navigating a document. We start with a few motions that move the cursor to absolute positions in the buffer: Command Action gg cursor to line N, default first line G cursor to line N, default last line % find the next (curly/square) bracket on this line and go to its match, or go to matching comment bracket, or go to matching preprocessor directive.

We previously learned about various text objects . In this section we learn how they can help us navigate through our documents by quickly stepping over paragraphs . To demonstrate, we will start with this buffer: Initial Conditions T his is a line with sample text. This line has other types/kinds of words (and WORDS)! This is a new paragraph. This is another sentence. And this is another line. NORMAL Top 1:1 As a first step, lets move one paragraph formward using } . Since the cursor started on the first character, the first step goes over that paragraph, to the start of the next paragraph. Since a paragraph starts with each new line, the cursor lands on that line. Move the cursor } T his is a line with sample text. This line has other types/kinds of words (and WORDS)! This is a new paragraph. This is another sentence. And this is another line. NORMAL 50% 3:1 The next step goes to the end of the following paragraph. Move the cursor (again) } This is a line with sample text. This line has other types/kinds of words (and WORDS)! This is a new paragraph. This is another sentence. And this is another line . NORMAL 83% 5:25 Now, let's step back one paragraph using { Move the cursor back { This is a line with sample text. This line has other types/kinds of words (and WORDS)! This is a new paragraph. This is another sentence. And this is another line . NORMAL 50% 3:1 As with other motions, { and } also accept a count , so in larger documents one can jump multiple paragraphs in a single step.

We learned about modes in the fundamentals chapter. In Vim, basic navigation is performed in normal mode , which you can get to from (almost) any situation by hitting the Esc key. The most basic cursor movements (known as motions in Vim) are those used to move the cursor in small increments within a buffer. Most Vim distributions also support using the arrow keys for simple cursor movements, but it is good practice to ignore the arrows and get used to using these: Command Action h cursor N chars to the left l cursor N chars to the right j cursor N lines downward k cursor N lines upward Moving the cursor As a simple demo of basic cursor movements, we can start from the following buffer: Initial Conditions W e are not going in circles, we are going upwards. The path is a spiral; we have already climbed many steps. NORMAL Top 1:1 Hitting the j key moves the cursor down one line, as described above: Move cursor down j W e are not going in circles, we are going upwards. T he path is a spiral; we have already climbed many steps. NORMAL 67% 2:1 Using Counts Now, suppose you want to move the cursor 4 columns to the right. One option is to type l 4 times, but Vim provides a better way, called counts . Vim motions accept a count , which precedes the motion and specifies how many times to repeat the motion, following the basic pattern: [count][motion] So, rather than hitting l l l l , one can simply type 4l : Move cursor to the right 4l We are not going in circles, we are going upwards. T he p ath is a spiral; we have already climbed many steps. NORMAL 67% 2:5 Note that the default count is 1, allowing the count to be omitted as in the first example.

Up to now we have reviewed many ways to navigate through a document, from simple cursor movements, to paging, to text objects. Vim also provides the ability to search a buffer for specific text or a pattern for desired text, then quickly navigating through matching text. Searching forward The first search operator we will look at it / , which searches the buffer forward from the current cursor location. Starting from the following buffer: Initial Conditions 1 . Beautiful is better than ugly. 2. Explicit is better than implicit. 3. Simple is better than complex. 4. Complex is better than complicated. COMMAND Top 1:1 /comp Initiate the search by typing / , followed by the text you want to search for, then finally hit enter to start the search. Search forward 1 . Beautiful is better than ugly. 2. Explicit is better than implicit. 3. Simple is better than c omplex. 4. Complex is better than complicated. NORMAL 60% 3:26 Vim found the text, and moved the cursor forward to the start of the first match. Since there are often multiple matches, Vim provides a shortcut command for repeating a search. To repeat the search, hit n . Repeat the previous search n 1. Beautiful is better than ugly. 2. Explicit is better than implicit. 3. Simple is better than c omplex. 4. Complex is better than c omplicated. NORMAL 80% 4:27 Repeating the search moves the cursor to the location of the next matching text. The cursor is now at the last match, what happens if we repeat the search once more? Repeat again n 1. Beautiful is better than ugly. 2. Explicit is better than implicit. 3. Simple is better than c omplex. 4. Complex is better than c omplicated. NORMAL 60% 3:26 When Vim is not able to find matching text, it "wraps around" to the top of the buffer and continues the search. In this example there are only two matches in the document, so the cursor returns to the first match. Searching backward Searching backward uses the ? operator, but otherwise operates the same as searching forward: Search backward 1. Beautiful is better than ugly. 2. Explicit is better than implicit. 3. Simple is b etter than c omplex. 4. Complex is better than complicated. NORMAL 60% 3:14 The n also works when searching backward, and like most operators this shortcut accepts a count . To move the cursor to the "second next match", precede the operator with a count of 2: Repeat search with count 2n 1. Beautiful is b etter than ugly. 2. Explicit is better than implicit. 3. Simple is b etter than complex. 4. Complex is better than complicated. NORMAL Top 1:17 As expected, this moves the cursor to the start of the first match. Now, suppose we moved the cursor too far, and wanted to jump to the second match. Vim has a second shortcut for repeating a search, but in the opposite direction: N . Repeat in the opposite direction N 1. Beautiful is b etter than ugly. 2. Explicit is b etter than implicit. 3. Simple is better than complex. 4. Complex is better than complicated. NORMAL 40% 2:16 Search for word under cursor Vim provides two additional shortcuts, & and # , for searching in the forward and backward directions, respectively. These shortcuts initiate a search and populate the search pattern with the word that is currently under the cursor, so that the search executes by simply hitting <CR> . Here is a quick summary of the search-related operators: Command Action /{pattern} search forward for the Nth occurrence of {pattern} ?{pattern} search backward for the Nth previous occurrence of {pattern} & repeat last :s # search backward for the Nth occurrence of the ident under the cursor n repeat the latest '/' or '?' N times N repeat the latest '/' or '?' N times in opposite direction This section has introduced the basics of searching a buffer with simple patterns. Vim extends the searching function with powerful patterns that can pinpoint specific text, and also supports the ability to search and replace text that has been matched.

Simple cursor navigation within the command-line can be achieved using the left and right arrow keys. Here is a summary of cursor movements in the command-line: Command Action <Left> cursor left <Right> cursor right <S-Left> cursor one word left <S-Right> cursor one word right C-B cursor to begin of command-line C-E cursor to end of command-line C-H same as <BS> <Del> delete the character under the cursor C-W delete the word in front of the cursor C-U remove all characters Inserting content from registers You can directly insert the content of a register with C-R followed by the register. Selecting from the Completion Menu Some commands, such as :edit , open a completion menu to allow the user to select from available options. Selections can be made form the completion menu using C-N and C-P for the next and previous menu items, respectively.

Neovim originated as a fork of Vim and while it continues to maintain backward-compatibility with Vim, the two projects have slightly different goals which has led them to evolve down slightly different paths. While Vim continues to be a great project with a great community, Neovim has added several new features that in our opinion significantly upgrade the user experience: Lua First and foremost, one of the major advantages of Neovim over Vim is the inclusion of Lua as a first-class alternative to Vimscript for plugins and configuration . Lua is easy to learn, read, and write, executes quickly, and allows Neovim to benefit from a lot of great work being done by Lua's extensive community. Tree-sitter Tree-sitter is a fast document parser that maintains a syntax tree for each document as it is edited, which basically replaces slow and often-inaccurate regular expressions when implementing a variety of features. Prior to Tree-sitter, syntax-highlighting, indentation, and folding were implemented using regular expressions, which was often slow, inaccurate, and lacked features such as the ability to handle nested code blocks. By leveraging Tree-sitter's syntax tree, Neovim gains additional contextual information about the document that can be leveraged to provide accurate and consistent syntax highlighting, indentations, and folds, improved navigation between classes, functions, parameters, conditional statements, as well as some useful extensions to text objects . You can learn more Neovim's Tree-sitter integration at the nvim-treesitter and nvim-treesitter-textobjects repos. Language Server Protocol (LSP) Neovim includes a built-in Language Server Protocol client, which provides a wide range of functionality. Whereas Tree-sitter improves the experience of working with documents, LSP provides similar benefits to projects , to provide improved code-completion, snippets, formatting, jump to definition, refactoring, etc. Learn more about setting up Neovim's LSP at the nvim-lspconfig repo. More Information This is just a brief summary of the key improvements that Neovim offers vs Vim. If you are transitioning from Vim to Neovim you can find a complete list of the differences here Neovim.io Github Home Github Releases Documentation

We were introduced to sentences when we learned about text objects . In this section we will learn a motion that allows us to navigate over one or more sentences at a time, which can be very handy when editing a group of sentences at the same time. Command Action ) cursor N sentences forward ( cursor N sentences backward Lets see how this motion behaves, using the following buffer: Initial Conditions K nowledge can be conveyed, but not wisdom. It can be found, it can be lived, it is possible to be carried by it, miracles can be performed with it, but it cannot be expressed in words and taught. - Siddhartha NORMAL Top 1:1 Move the cursor ) K nowledge can be conveyed, but not wisdom. I t can be found, it can be lived, it is possible to be carried by it, miracles can be performed with it, but it cannot be expressed in words and taught. - Siddhartha NORMAL Top 1:44 Move the cursor (again) ) Knowledge can be conveyed, but not wisdom. I t can be found, it can be lived, it is possible to be carried by it, miracles can be performed with it, but it cannot be expressed in words and taught. - Siddhartha NORMAL 71% 5:1 Move the cursor (again) ) Knowledge can be conveyed, but not wisdom. It can be found, it can be lived, it is possible to be carried by it, miracles can be performed with it, but it cannot be expressed in words and taught. - Siddhartha NORMAL 86% 6:1 Move the cursor (again) ) Knowledge can be conveyed, but not wisdom. It can be found, it can be lived, it is possible to be carried by it, miracles can be performed with it, but it cannot be expressed in words and taught. - Siddharth a NORMAL 86% 6:12 First, note that these motions move to the next sentence, even if it is on another line.