Math

Lua's math library contains a collection of functions that are basically a subset of C's math library.

The math library is always available, and its functions can be accessed by name as shown in the following example:

print(math.abs(-123)) -- 123

The math library contains the following functions:

math.abs (x): Returns the absolute value of x

math.acos (x): Returns the arc-cosine of x, in radians.

math.asin (x): Returns the arc-sine of x, in radians.

math.atan (x): Returns the arc-tangent of x, in radians.

math.atan2 (x, y): Returns the arc-tangent of y/x, in radians, based on the signs of both values to determine the correct quadrant.

math.ceil (x): Returns the smallest integer value greater than or equal to x.

math.cos (x): Returns the cosine of x, where x is specified in radians.

math.deg (x): Convert x, specified in radians, to degrees

math.exp (x): Returns the value of e raised to the xth power.

math.floor (x): Returns the largest integer value less than or equal to x.

math.fmod (x, y): Return a value equal to x - n*y for some integer n such that the result has the same sign as x and magnitude less than abs(y).

math.frexp (x): Returns values (m, e) such that m * 2^e == x.

math.ldexp (x, y): Return x * (2**y), essentially the inverse of function math.frexp.

math.log (x): Return the natural log of x

math.log10 (x): Return the base-10 logarithm of x

math.max (x, ...): Returns the maximum value among its arguments.

math.min (x, ...): Returns the minimum value among its arguments.

math.modf (x): Spits real number x into it's integer and fractional parts.
math.pi: The constant pi, approximately equal to 3.14159.

math.pow (x, y): Returns x raised to the power of y.

math.rad (x): Convert x, specified in degrees, to radians

math.sin (x): Returns the sine of x, where x is specified in radians.

math.sqrt (x): Returns the square root of x

math.tan (x): Returns the tangent of x, where x is specified in radians.

math.random (): Return a uniformly-distributed pseudo-random number between 0 (inclusive) and 1
math.random (x): Return a uniformly-distributed pseudo-random number between 1 (inclusive) and x
math.random (x, y): Return a uniformly-distributed, pseudo-random number between x (inclusive) and y (inclusive).

math.randomseed (x): Sets x as the "random seed" for the pseudo-random generator